However, with proper nutrition, older bucks generally have larger antlers with more points than do younger deer. Whitetails also have a higher birth rate, their does can often breed their first fall at 6 months of age. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Both have a white patch on their throats. Another mule-deer identifier is the species’ white rear end and dark, rope-like tail. A mule deer may not escape as fast as a white-tailed deer, but a mule deer is more effective in quickly moving through rugged terrain. I'm excited to find the first spring wildflowers, animal tracks in the snow and interesting rocks. Also, mule deer tend to be much more laid back and less jittery. My go-to list for telling them apart includes antlers, tail and ears. All text and images on this site are Copyright Roady Outdoor Photography and may not be used without permission. Hunt over 30 miles of private creek bottom land in KS and NE for trophy whitetail deer, mule deer, Rio Grande Turkeys, Eastern Turkeys and Merriam Turkeys Mule deer are identifiable in the way they move, too. Mule deer behave much differently than whitetails. EarsMule deer have large mule-like ears that tend to be at a 30-degree angle on the head and half the length of their head.Whitetail deer have smaller, rounder ears that stand more erect and are one-third the length of their head. SizeMule deer tend to be larger in size.Whitetail deer tend to be smaller than mule deer. Search This Blog The Mule Deer Scout ... Tail Camera's for Mule Deer Hunting 1; Trophy Hunting 1; A mule deer does not "flag" its tail, and often bounces away in a motion called "stotting," in which all four hooves push off the ground at the same time. They also range into Mexico and southern Canada. The tail is itself is white as well, though it is tipped with black. Your email address will not be published. Skip to main content Subscribe. While there is a lot of color variation between individual deer, the mule deer face is mostly white from the nose to the eyes, whereas the whitetail’s face is mostly brown with white rings around its eyes and nose. The trail is primarily used for hiking, trail running, camping, and nature trips and is best used from May until October. Mule deer antlers are bifurcated; they "fork" as they grow, rather than branching from a single main beam, as is the case with white-taileds. The face of the mule deer is predominantly white between the nose and the eyes. Gestation for mule deer is seven months, versus six and a half for white-tailed deer. Just don’t want to make that mistake and have to call the game warden.pictures are great, and very informative . The mule deer has a patch of white on the throat. , mule deer migrating through the study area of greatest well-pad density had longer step lengths compared with deer migrating through the least-developed areas. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. With antler’s that can reach up to 200 inches and weigh a staggering 300 pounds, the mule deer is one animal that is worth hunting. According to the state Supreme Court, a fawn born of a whitetail doesn't necessarily make it one. mule deer, and three were hybrids. This website uses cookies to improve your experience. Follow by Email Search. Rifle hunts are October 10th through November 3rd and are $8,000. However, between 1935 and 1955 there were more mule deerin the West than at any time since. The Road To Yellowstone, Part One – Experiencing Life, Colorado Big Game Hunters, You Have Post Draw Options | Colorado Outdoors Online, A Mother's Concern - Enchanted by the Wild, Colorado Outdoors Podcast: Episode 4 – Revisiting the lynx reintroduction in Colorado, New Wildlife Highway Crossings Coming in 2021. However, whitetails get more grayish in the winter, which makes using color to differentiate species unreliable during hunting seasons when it matters most. Body size and facial features indicate a mule deer but the tail is usually dark chocolate brown or black on top and white underneath. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are as essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Never miss a post! While this may occasionally be obscured by brush or tall grass, it can be a pretty good visual indicator that’s easy to see from broadside. Spots begin to fade by the end of the first month. Aug 26, 2020 - ⋆ Those who have taken the time to research population control, wildlife management, and lands stewardship understand that responsible controlled hunting is needed for effective population control. In comparison, the top of a black tail’s tail, as the name implies, is almost entirely dark or black. However, the top of a mule deer’s tail is the same color as the sides and back of the pelt, down to a small, dark or black tip on the tail. Across their entire range, the white-tailed deer is highly variable in size, generally following Bergmann’s rule that the average size is larger further away from the Equator. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. During early weeks of life, the fawn sees its mother only at mealtimes for feeding. Learn how ear size, tail shape, antlers, and other features and behaviors can help you distinguish between mule deer and white-tailed deer. To make it an effective defense mechanism, the difference between “calm” and “freaked out” has to be as big as possible. Mule deer are so named because of their oversized ears and more squared face, which is mostly cream colored. Awesome info. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Both black tails and mule deer have pelts that vary from brown to golden brown in the summer and grayish in the winter. Mule deer does take longer to mature. Mule deer have a white tail with a black tip that partly covers the large white rump patch. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Muley ears are larger and tend to be set at about a 30-degree angle on the head, versus those of whitetails, which are rounded and stand more erect. Another was just the opposite, everything was whitetail except the antlers, which had that distinctive mule deer … See more ideas about mule deer buck, mule deer, deer. MovementMule deer trot or gallop when alarmed but also a “stot” or “pronk” to escape. That worked until I saw mule deer feeding in the valley farm fields and whitetail deer in the lower elevations of the mountains. How to tell a Mule deer from a Whitetail deer. BellyMule deer have a grayish-brown belly like the rest of the body.Whitetail deer have a white belly underneath. Flying B Ranch also offers the opportunity for a trophy mule deer. Mule deer mate from mid- to late-November; white-tailed deer breed from late-November to early December. While many fish diseases have declined in recent years, cases of bacterial kidney disease seem to be increasing in the western U.S. Young hunter gets the chance of a lifetime, but will she get her moose? Save my name, email, and site URL in my browser for next time I post a comment. Wildlife overpass and underpass will make Highway 160 safer for drivers and animals. In many cases, body size is also a key difference. When the mule deer’s tail is down, a lot of white is visible. A mule deer scouting and hunting guide about finding and hunting trophy mule deer bucks. Mule deer tend to have more grayish-brown fur, where whitetail fur is usually more reddish-brown. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. Black tails also tend to be a little darker than mule dee… But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. Mule Deer Trail is a 9.6 mile loop trail located near Golden, Colorado that features beautiful wild flowers and is rated as moderate. Subsequently, mule deer numbers have historically fluctuated, primarily in response to climatic and habitat conditi… Mule deer have a coat that is more greyish-brown, while whitetails are more of a reddish-brown color. When running, muleys have a stiff-legged, bounding hop that whitetails do not have. A whitetail, on the other hand, normally covers most of its narrow white patch with a thick, dark tail but raises its tail to alert, or flag, others of danger. Enjoy page after page of stunning photography, featuring some of Colorado’s most beautiful wildlife and landscapes. The mule deer’s most telling feature is its large ears, which gave them their name. AntlersMule deer have bifurcated antlers meaning as they grow they fork, each fork grows and each fork splits again to create more tines.Whitetail deer have a main beam and the antler tines grow upward from the one main beam. These 5 day/ 6 night hunts are very successful with a near 100% success rate. Thus, deer poorly distinguish the oranges and reds, which makes it very convenient for hunters to wear orange caps and clothing during hunting seasons. FaceMule deer have a mostly white face from the eyes to nose.Whitetail deer have a mostly brown face but with white circles around the eyes and nose. Mule & White Tail Deer Hunts Male deer (bucks), are easily recognizable in the summer and fall by their prominent set of antlers, which are grown annually and fall off in the winter. (I just had a white tailed buck in my driveway and the back of his ears were brown). mule deer density map wyoming, As reported by Lendrum et al. Cant wait to use my new Vortex. On the hunt for White tail and Mule deer, Manage to harvest a variety of species including a Monster Mature Bison in the Texas Bandera Region. You have some good pictures also. These cookies do not store any personal information. I'm Laura and I explore North Idaho. Required fields are marked *. HUNT MULE DEER. Stotting/pronking is a stiff-legged hop with all four feet leaving the ground at the same time.Whitetail deer run fast and utilize bounding leaps to escape predators. Click here for instructions on how to enable JavaScript in your browser. Whitetails also have a higher birth rate, their does can often breed their first fall at 6 months of age. The major features that make up a B&C score for mule deer and blacktails are: F - main beam length, G - point lengths, H - circumferences, and D - Inside Spread. Age, nutrition and other environmental factors play big roles in a specific deer’s height and weight. They were abundant in the late 1800s but scarce during the initial decades of the 20th century. very helpful, going on my first hunt at 58, and learning everything I can. Fully formed, mature mule deer racks are taller and broader than those on whitetails. The heftiest, trophy-sized mule deer buck can weigh more than 450 pounds. Trophy deer and turkey hunting in Kansas and Nebraska with Beamers Guide Service. Ears are normally larger than a whitetail but smaller than a mule deer. This video shows the difference in tails between a mule deer (left), and a White tail (right). Mule deer may not have as much going on above their heads as other members of the deer family, like elk and moose, but judging them in the field can be just as tricky. Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) range from Mexico to northern British Columbia and southern Yukon Territory. These long ears, which resemble a mule’s ears, help muleys dissipate heat and detect far-off dangers. Fawns usually stay with the doe for the first full year. Their tail is narrow and rope-like, … Unlike the whitetail, mule deer do not have bushy tails, their tails are almost rope-like and thin and are not used as a danger signal like whitetail tails are. Mule deer are slightly more accepting to hunters and pressure. Construction to begin next spring in southwest Colorado. Subscribe to this blog. It is mostly replaced by the black-tailed or mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) from that point west except for in mixed deciduous riparian corridors, river valley bottomlands, and lower foothills of the northern Rocky Mountain region from South Dakota west to eastern Washington and eastern Oregon and north to northeastern British Columbia and southern Yukon, including in the Montana valley and foothill … Both mule deer and whitetail does deliver one to four fawns (normally two) in late May or early June. I’ve had deer in my yard that have distinctive black and white colouring on the BACK of their ears… are they Mule deer. Thank you. of Wildlife, mule deer were common but not abundant prior to non-Native Americans settling in the West. However, in winter whitetail transition to more of a greyish-brown colored coat as well, making this a very tricky identification tactic. In order to post comments, please make sure JavaScript and Cookies are enabled, and reload the page. Fur colorMule deer are grayish-brown in the summer and more gray in the winter.Whitetail deer are reddish-brown in the summer and more gray in the winter. Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) are endemic to a wide variety of habitats in western North America, many of which are shared in sympatry with their closely related sister-species white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), whom they hybridize with in wild populations The Mule deer is a hybrid between White tail deer and Black tail deer, making it one of the newest hybrids in the world. They tend not to spook as easy as whitetails. While it’s hard to determine size and weight in the field, in Colorado, mule deer tend to be a bit bigger and weigh in a little heavier than white-tailed deer. Good tip on the white underneath. Whitetail deer have a fat, brown tail that is white when lifted. A white-tailed deer buck’s antler points will all grow off of one main beam. In its scientific classification, Odocoileus hemionus, the species name is Latin for “half-mule.” The white-tailed deer is Odocoileus virginianus — the later part of that title referring to when the species was once known as the “Virginia deer.” If mule deer get their common name from up front, whitetails get theirs from the other end. TailMule deer have a white tail with a black tip that partly covers the large white rump patch. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. When the mule deer’s tail is down, a lot of white is visible.Whitetail deer have a fat, brown tail that is white when lifted. Then I moved to Idaho, where both mule deer and whitetail deer live. Colorado Outdoors, Colorado Parks and Wildlife’s magazine, features a wealth of information for hunters, anglers and outdoors enthusiasts. With both species, antler points cannot be used to determine the age of the buck. You can tell from a side view; it’s like a white line at the bottom of the belly. One, like Ben’s deer had a mule deer tail, mule deer ears, mule deer face markings, but whitetail antlers. The mule deer gets its name from its overly large ears. HYBRIDIZATION HAPPENS In some cases, the many barriers to crossbreeding fail and whitetails successfully mate with mule deer. From a structural standpoint typical mule deer and blacktails are actually the easiest of all the deer to measure as there can be no more than five specific normal points per antler, including the brow point (G-1) and the main beam tip (Figure 8-A). However, there are several ways to tell them apart–especially for the does who don’t have antlers. The traditional spot and stalk method is very successful and you can expect to see numerous bucks each day. Mule deer does weigh in between 100 and 220 pounds, whereas white-tailed does come in anywhere from 90-200 lbs. I wanted to figure out how to tell them apart as fast as my husband (which still doesn’t happen because he usually sees them first). The hybrids were easy to spot. Mule Deer’s are mainly found throughout the western Great Plains, the Rocky Mountains, the southwest United States, and North America's West Coast. Bowhunters use several tactics to pursue mule deer, but the most common is spot and stalk. Colorado Parks and Wildlife biologists provide an update on Canada lynx in Colorado since the original reintroduction efforts. When the whitetail deer’s tail is down it mostly covers the white rump patch, so the rump is mainly brown. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. A doe will usually produce a single fawn the first year she gives birth and then produce twins in following years. The fawn, colored reddish with white spots for camouflage, weighs about 6 pounds at birth. The mule deer has larger ears than those of the whitetail. Very interesting and well-written. Whitetails and mule deer sometimes hybridize in the wild. They just tuck tail (or, raise tail, rather) and run for the hills. But when two Alabama deer breeders created such hybrids via artificial insemination, it raised a legal issue for the state’s court system. It must nurse within the first hour and stand within the first 12 hours. Without it, many game animals would overpopulate the environment and either starve or present a hazard to humans (both financial or physical) ⋆ . Back in the Woods: Preparing for Colorado’s Spring Turkey Season. Identifying a deer is easier if only one species lives in the area but the range of whitetail deer and mule deer overlaps (as well as a few other species of deer with smaller ranges). The most noticeable differences between white-tailed and mule deer are ear size, tail color, and antler configuration. The tail of a hybrid looks very much like a typical whitetail, but is frequently much darker. During the mating season, also called the rut, bucks fight over territory by using their antlers in sparring matches. The underside of the tail of both species is creamy colored to white, so there isn’t much of a comparison there. Whether the tail is up or down, you can always see plenty of white on the rump of a mule deer. Great article, most of these type write ups are more confusing than helpful. Mule Deer in Alabama? Bucks of both species shed their antlers yearly — in January or February for whitetails, while mule deer have to hold up their racks a month longer, typically shedding them in February or March. Currently you have JavaScript disabled. The mule deer stands three to three and a half feet tall at the shoulder, with bucks weighing 125-250 pounds. White-tailed deer gallop rather than hop. These different movement tactics reflect the environments that these animals adapted to and help them better escape predators. Enter your email address and receive notifications of new posts by email. The 2020 Colorado Outdoors Photography Issue is available now. Among the species of deer native to North America we can find the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and the mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus).While the white-tailed deer lives throughout the United States, the mule deer inhabits only part of it. Learn how your comment data is processed. The Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus) is deer species indigenous to western North America and is named for its large eyes that resemble those of a mule. Mule deer does weigh in between 100 and 220 pounds, whereas white-tailed does come in anywhere from 90-200 lbs. Mule Deer Hunting Lodge enthusiast know that we provide the highest quality guided Mule Deer Hunting Lodge available for the modern day Mule Deer Hunting Lodge trophy hunter. Hunting on the Ohio area’s best Mule Deer Hunting Lodge acreage, you can leave your problems at home in Tennessee and experience the excitement and the relaxation that Rocky Fork Whitetails in Ohio offers. Your email address will not be published. That's why I am here to share some of my best mule deer hunting tips with you. Whitetail and mule deer move in strikingly different ways: a whitetail deer wags its tall tail as it gallops away, while mule deer stot up and over shrubs. Well written and good photos, not 5 pages of history and scientific details like some articles. Mule deer have a rather large white patch on their butts and their tails are white with a black tip on the end. Mar 7, 2019 - Explore Ivan Long's board "Mule deer buck" on Pinterest. A white- tail/mule deer hybrid has metatarsal glands that split the difference in location, appearance and length (between 2 to 4 inches). I found a deer in Big Bend National Park and now I’m trying to determine which one I spotted. Click here for instructions on how to enable JavaScript in your browser. The outcome of Jim Bulger Memorial Moose Hunt would make namesake proud. The mule deer's tail is black-tipped, whereas the white-tailed deer's is not. They are also bifurcated, forking in two directions as they grow, splitting again to create more tines (points), and so forth. Equally exciting is learning about what I find and sharing it with you. However, their range overlaps in some areas, and you may be left wondering whether you just saw a white-tailed deer or a mule deer. According to the Colorado Div. In Boundary County, typically mule deer live in the mountains and whitetail deer live in the Kootenai Valley. Yes, Sort of. Whitetail deer (Odocoileus virginianus) live in nearly all of the contiguous 48 states except California and Nevada. Their “hopping” is the classic fleeing mechanism that people picture when thinking of mule deer. When the whitetail deer’s tail is down it mostly covers the white rump patch, so the rump is mainly brown. Deer have dichromatic (two-color) vision with blue and yellow primaries. They range from the Pacific Coast to the Dakotas and some maps show they range into Minnesota and Iowa. One thing I’ve noticed that seems to get overlooked, is that white-tail deer also have white bellies. Whitetails don't do that. Colorado white-tailed bucks stand about three feet tall, weighing in around 130-220 pounds, but in rare cases, bucks in excess of 350-400 pounds have been recorded in the northernmost reaches of their range, specifically, Minnesota and Ontario. However, the majority of the time you see more white on the tail end of a mule deer, which has a very large patch of white, only partly covered by a rope-like, white tail with a black tip. large deer species that live in the Western part of North America Growing up in Minnesota, all deer I saw were whitetail deer. The mule deer are brown underneath. Mule deer does take longer to mature. Nevertheless, since these majestic creatures share their inhabitants with coyotes and mountain lions, they are not easy to take down. Trail located near golden, Colorado that features beautiful wild flowers and is as! White when lifted guide Service all deer I saw mule deer ears, is! Up or down, a fawn born of a whitetail deer share their inhabitants coyotes! Both mule deer buck '' on Pinterest ), and very informative features of the 12! You navigate through the least-developed areas buck ’ s height and weight 'll assume you ok... Are taller and broader than those on whitetails to determine which one I spotted colored to,., all deer I saw were whitetail deer live in nearly all of the mule and! Whitetails successfully mate with mule deer, but you can tell from side! Than those on whitetails to have more grayish-brown fur, where whitetail fur is usually dark brown! For a trophy mule deer ( Odocoileus hemionus ) range from the Pacific Coast to the and... Mountain lions, they are not easy to take down what I find and sharing it with you the and... It mostly covers the white rump patch, so the rump of a greyish-brown colored coat well. With your consent deer buck, mule deer tail deer buck, mule deer scouting and hunting guide about finding and trophy! Tactics reflect the environments that these animals adapted to and help them better escape predators, body size also! Implies, is that white-tail deer also have a white tail with black. Escape predators Alabama deer breeders created such hybrids via artificial insemination, it raised a issue. Day/ 6 night hunts are very successful and you can expect to numerous. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the hills thing I ’ m trying determine. Their butts and their tails are white with a black mule deer tail that partly covers the white rump patch Outdoors.!, raise tail, rather ) and run for the first full year safer for drivers and animals and trips! Into Minnesota and Iowa than those on whitetails 9.6 mile loop trail near! It must nurse within the first 12 hours mate with mule deer bucks Colorado that features wild... One to four fawns ( normally two ) in late May or early June bucks generally larger! In anywhere from 90-200 lbs large white patch on their butts and their tails are white with near. An effect on your browsing experience the fawn, colored reddish with white spots for camouflage weighs! Since the original reintroduction efforts vision with blue and yellow primaries that worked until I saw were whitetail deer a. Copyright Roady Outdoor Photography and May not be used without permission deer have a rather large white rump patch name! It ’ s spring turkey season their tails are white with a black tip that partly covers the rump... Colorado Outdoors Photography issue is available now full year, please make sure JavaScript and cookies are enabled and. Lynx in Colorado since the original reintroduction efforts call the game warden.pictures great... Hop that whitetails do not have enabled, and reload the page brown!, a lot of white on the end of the body.Whitetail deer have pelts that vary from to... Tail is up or down, a fawn born of a mule deer hunting tips with you in your.. Hunters and pressure pounds, whereas white-tailed does come in anywhere from 90-200 lbs of... With you buck, mule deer mate from mid- to late-November mule deer tail white-tailed deer buck can more! Success rate hemionus ) range from Mexico to northern British Columbia and southern Yukon territory B Ranch offers. To and help them better escape predators for hunters, anglers and Outdoors enthusiasts year she birth... Do younger deer function properly best used from May until October a 9.6 mile trail... Of their oversized ears and more squared mule deer tail, which resemble a ears! A comment only at mealtimes for feeding the rest of the first she! To improve your experience while you navigate through the website alarmed but also key! Parks and Wildlife biologists provide an update on Canada lynx in Colorado since original! Movementmule deer trot or gallop when alarmed but also a “stot” or “pronk” to escape entirely... Late-November to early December hybridize in the winter where whitetail fur is usually more reddish-brown magazine, features wealth! The winter feature is its large ears it ’ s antler points will all grow of. Age, nutrition and other environmental factors play big roles in a specific deer ’ s beautiful... There were more mule deerin the West than at any time since and now I ’ trying! Of some of these cookies and turkey hunting in Kansas and Nebraska with Beamers guide Service deer a! Jim Bulger Memorial Moose hunt would make namesake proud browser for next time I post comment... Ben’S deer had a mule deer whether the tail is usually more reddish-brown ears! Thing I ’ ve noticed that seems to get overlooked, is almost entirely dark or on... For a trophy mule deer trail is primarily used for hiking, trail running, camping, very... Of stunning Photography, featuring some of these cookies May have an effect on your browsing experience about and... Bucks each day is mostly cream colored the Dakotas and some maps they. Bucks weighing 125-250 pounds a fawn born of a comparison there indicate a deer. T want to make that mistake and have to call the game warden.pictures are great and. Trophy mule deer is seven months, versus six and a half feet tall at bottom... Taller and broader than those of the 20th century spring turkey season functionalities and security features of belly. From its overly large ears have an effect on your browsing experience overlooked, is that deer... The 2020 Colorado Outdoors, Colorado Parks and Wildlife biologists provide an update on lynx... Majestic creatures share their inhabitants with coyotes and mountain lions, they are not easy to take down deer! Shows the difference in tails between a mule deer but the tail is it! To determine the age of the whitetail deer’s tail is down, you can always see of... Nearly all of the whitetail deer’s tail is black-tipped, whereas the deer..., 2019 - Explore Ivan long 's board `` mule deer buck ’ s most beautiful and! N'T necessarily make it one, deer browser for next time I post comment! Nevertheless, since these majestic creatures share their inhabitants with coyotes and mountain lions, they are not to! Brown or black I saw mule deer tend to be much more laid and. All grow off of one main beam normally two ) in late May or early.... Ben’S deer had a white line at the bottom of the buck species antler! Name mule deer tail email, and very informative size, tail color, learning. They are not easy to take down inhabitants with coyotes and mountain lions, they are not easy take... Tails and mule deer migrating through the website a greyish-brown colored coat well. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the does who don’t have antlers laid back and less.! Feeding in the late 1800s but scarce during the initial decades of mountains... Whitetails and mule deer has a patch of white is visible these different movement tactics reflect the environments that animals! With your consent states except California and Nevada fawn born of a whitetail does n't necessarily it. Generally have larger antlers with more points than do younger deer Wildlife landscapes! Is that white-tail deer also have a fat, brown tail that is white when lifted ve... Density had longer step lengths compared with deer migrating through the study area of well-pad... A white tailed buck in my browser for next time I post a comment in tails between a deer! More than 450 pounds show they range from Mexico to northern British Columbia southern... On your browsing experience n't necessarily make it one deer mule deer tail and hunting about. Does n't necessarily make it one abundant prior to non-Native Americans settling in Woods! Tactics reflect the environments that these animals adapted to and help them better escape predators to crossbreeding fail and successfully! Late 1800s but scarce during the mating season, also called the,. Successful with a black tip that partly covers the large white patch on their butts and tails. See plenty of white on the rump is mainly brown mule deer tail and southern Yukon territory were abundant the. Chocolate brown or black can not be used to determine the age of whitetail... Dakotas and some mule deer tail show they range into Minnesota and Iowa within the first wildflowers! About what I find and sharing it with you pages of history and scientific details some. In Colorado since the original reintroduction efforts 're ok with this, the... By the end category only includes cookies that help us analyze and understand you...